Original source : http://www.smashinglists.com
Posted : March 2012
Author : the admin
Mega structures are nowadays commonly seen almost everywhere
in the world. Because of the advancement of technology and the improvement of machinery,
tall sky scrapers and many other infrastructures are already made possible. Ten
engineering marvels of engineers are as follows.
10. Danyang
Kunshan Grand
Bridge
The bridge was inaugurated on 30th of June in 2011. The Span
of bridge is 260 feet with a basement of 2000 pillars carry the longest bridge
with the help of steel cables. Almost 10,000 workers built this bridge and
completed this mega project. The length of the Bridge is 540,700 ft. (102
miles). This bridge passes over the water and crosses Yang Cheeng
Lake having a length of 6
miles. Danyang Kunshan Grand
Bridge is the part of
Jinghu railroad, which is 819 miles long. The interesting thing is that the two
largest bridges suppressed by this Grand
Bridge are also of China. So, China is the
country having 3 largest bridges in the world. The bridge also consists over
450,000 tons of steel structure, which explains the high number of workers
involved.
9. Millau
Viaduct Bridge
Bridges are normally considered to be the engineer’s area of
expertise rather than the architect’s. But the architecture of infrastructure
has a powerful impact on environment. The Millau Viaduct, designed in
collaboration with engineers, illustrates how the architect can play an
integral role in bridge design. This bridge is located in Southern France; the
bridge connects the motorway from Paris to Barcelona crossing the
River Tarn, which runs through a wide gap between two plateaus. A reading of
the geography suggested two possible approaches: to cross the river, the
geological generator of the landscape; or there was the challenge of distance
of the 2.5 kilometers from one plateau to the other. The bridge has the best possible span between cable-stayed
columns. It is delicate, transparent, and uses the minimum material, which
makes it less costly to construct. Each of its sections spans 350 meters and
its columns range in height from 75 meters to 235 meters and is higher than the
Eiffel Tower. This is further 90 meters above
the road deck. To accommodate the expansion and contraction of the concrete
deck, each column splits into two thinner, more flexible columns below the
roadway, forming an A-frame above deck level. This structure creates a dramatic
figure and crucially it makes the minimum intervention in the landscape.
8. Three Gorges Dam
The Three Gorges dam is the china’s massive
hydro-engineering ambition which faces “urgent problems, in spite of the fact,
the state council said the dam had pressing geological, human and ecological
problems. It was identified in the report that the Gorges Dam had a dreadful
impact on downstream river transport and water supplies. Since the start of
construction in 1992 about 16m tons of concrete have been poured into the giant
barrier across the Yangtze River, creating a reservoir that stretches almost
the length of Britain
and drives 26 giant turbines which generates electricity. The world’s biggest hydro-power plant boasts a total
generating capacity of 18,200 MW and the ability to help domestic to deal with
floods that threaten the Yangtze delta each summer. But it has proved expensive and controversial due to the
re-housing of 1.4 million people and the flooding of more than 1,000 towns and
villages. Pollution, buildup and landslides have plagued the reservoir area.
Given the £24bn cost and political prestige at stake, the government takes care
for many years on the dam’s achievements.
7. The Large Hadron Collider
The Large Hadron Collider is one of the greatest marvels of
modern technology. The fundamental quest of the human spirit enables us to
build an incredible über-accelerator to explore the very nature of reality. The
Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a colossal scientific instrument near Geneva, spans between Switzerland
and France.
It is about 100 meters underground. It was developed to boost the study of
smallest known particles by a gigantic tool that accelerates them. It will
revolutionize our understanding, from the diminutive knowledge of world within
atoms. Two beams of subatomic particles called “Hadrons” either protons or lead
ions, travel in opposite directions inside the circular accelerator, gaining
energy with every lap. Physicists use the LHC to recreate the conditions by
colliding the two beams head-on at very high energy. Teams of physicists from
around the world analyze the particles created in the collisions using special
detectors in a number of experiments dedicated to the LHC. Many studies about particle physics and fundamental laws of
nature have served the science for years but the whole story is still not
exposed. Large Hadrons Collider discloses further knowledge of particles from
experimental data through high energies that reaches these small particles
under study, challenging those who seek confirmation of established knowledge.
6. Pan-STARRS
Pan-STARRS is an acronym for Panoramic Survey Telescope
& Rapid Response System. It is an innovative design for a wide-field
imaging facility developed at the University
of Hawaii’s Institute for
Astronomy. In order to observe entire available sky, the engineers combined
relatively small collection of mirrors with a large digital camera consequently
produced an economical observing system. The prototype single-mirror telescope
PS1 is now operational on Mount
Haleakala; scientific
research program is being undertaken by the PS1 Science Consortium, a
collaboration between ten research organizations in four countries. A key
objective of Pan-STARRS is to identify and characterize Earth-approaching
objects, both asteroids & comets that might create a danger to our planet.
It’s also ideal for research in several other astronomical areas, particularly
those which involve an aspect of time inconsistency. Pan-STARRS make it to see
the Objects in the Inner Solar System and it is also capable to see the object
outer the Solar System and now we can see Galaxy properties better than ever
before.
5. Langeled Pipeline
The Langeled Pipeline is the longest underwater pipeline,
measuring 746 miles (1,200 km) long from Norway to the U.K. Costing 10
million USD to develop. It was constructed for Norwegian Hydro to carry 70
million cubic yards (45 million m3) of gas to heat homes in the United Kingdom.
The Langeled project will provide 20 percent of overall gas supple to United Kingdom.
Lead by Ormen Lange, the project was completed in 2006; nine years after
Norwegian Hydro first discovered an oil field 2,953 feet (900 m) below the
earth’s surface in the sea. A total of 3,000 workers involved in the
construction of this pipeline under the sea using special equipment.
4. Hoover
Dam
The Hoover Dam is situated in Hill area known as Black
Canyon between Arizona and Nevada,
around thirty miles from Las Vegas, at the
bottom of Lake Mead. During the Great
recession, as jobs were not available, thousands of men and their families came
to Black Canyon to build the Hoover Dam. The
Hoover Dam makes Arizona
an inspiring sightseeing. The project of Hoover Dam designed to change Colorado River into a hydroelectric power source for the
region’s growing populace and continuous water supply to the rest of Area.
Before the dam was built, the Colorado River flowed freely through Black Canyon.
Today, the entire area is changed into the Lake Mead National Recreation Area. Construction of the dam began in 1931 and completed by 1936,
two years later than schedule. Initially it was given a name as Boulder Dam,
but it was afterward renamed after President Herbert Hoover, who had been one
of the original proponents of the project. American Society of Civil Engineers
declares this dam of America’s
Seven Modern Civil Engineering Wonders, and it also stands as a National
Historic Landmark.
3. Aircraft Carrier USS GEORGE H.W. BUSH (CVN-77)
USS George H. W. Bush, its Construction began in 2001 at the
Northrop Grumman Newport News shipyard and was completed in 2009 at a cost of
$6.2 billion. She is home ported at Naval Station Norfolk, Virginia. USS George
H. W. Bush stretches 1,092 feet and displaces over 100,000 tons, making her one
of the world’s largest warships (though she is slightly shorter than USS
Enterprise) but equipped with latest technology which was not used before. Her
top speed exceeds more than 30 knots and it is powered with two nuclear
reactors, she can operate for more than 20 years without refueling.
2. Floating Green Echo Cities
Lilypad Project is the most amazing green wonders and
certainly the extreme from being built but, it is an amazing concept. The idea
is to create several floating independent maritime eco-city islands. Each one
would be able to provide accommodation to more than 50,000 residents and would
support a great deal of biodiversity. It has collecting pools at its centers
which assembles water and filter it for use. Two applications of solar type are
used. The first one is a semi-transparent solar window is used, facing the
open-air, inner vortex; and the second is a glass with a printed array of solar
cells spaced to create partial shading, used as a solar roof material. In
addition, when the structure is anchor and as thrusters for force when Gyre is
under way underwater nacelle’s function both as tidal producer. The structure
manages undersea pressures and reduces stress due to its shape. Rainwater is
harvested in the inner vortex and gravity fed to the water purification system
at the base of the Gyre. Mechanical systems and emergency freshwater storage is
the deepest portion of the structure.
1. Pearl
Bridge
Akashi Kaikyo Bridge
is the longest suspension bridge between Maiko in Tarumi Ward and Kobe City
with Matsuho in the northern part of Awaji
Island with a length of
3,911 meters and a central span of 1,991 meters. It is a part of the
Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway, running from Nishi Ward in Kobe Cityand crossing
the Akashi Strait,
Awaji Island,
and Naruto Strait
all the way to Naruto City in Tokushima
Prefecture. At nighttime,
the lights decorating the cables of the bridge tower shine brightly in the
color of the rainbow at every hour and in the color of respective birthstones
every half an hour. Because of its captivating appearance that looks like pearls
strung together, this bridge is also called the “Pearl Bridge.”
~Blog Admin~
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