Posted by LiAqAt
The Øresund
or Öresund Bridge is a combined
twin-track railroad and four-lane highway bridge-tunnel across
the Öresund strait. The Øresund Bridge connects Sweden
and Denmark, and it is
the longest highway and railroad bridge in Europe.
The Øresund Bridge
also connects two major Metropolitan Areas: those of the
Danish capital city of Copenhagen and
the major Swedish city of Malmö.
Furthermore, the Øresund Bridge connects the highway network
of Scandinavia with those of Central and Western
Europe.
Official name: Øresundsbroen, Öresundsbron
Carries: Four lanes of European route
E20 Double track Oresund Railway Line
Locale: Copenhagen, Denmark and Malmö, Sweden
Designer: Georg Rotne
Design: Cable-stayed bridge
Total length: 7,845 metres (25,738 ft)
Width: 23.5 metres (77.1 ft)
Longest span: 490 metres (1,608 ft)
Cost: $6 Billion
Country: Denmark,
Sweden
Year of
completion: 2000
9. Large
Hadron Collider (Cost: $6 Billion)
The Large
Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world’s largest and highest-energy particle
accelerator. It is expected to address the most fundamental questions
of physics, advancing our understanding of the deepest laws of
nature. The LHC lies in a
tunnel 27 kilometres (17 mi) in circumference, and 175 metres
(574 ft) beneath the Franco-Swiss border near Geneva, Switzerland. This synchrotron
is designed to collide opposing particle beams of either protons
at an energy of 7 teraelectronvolts(1.12 microjoules) per particle,
or lead nuclei at an energy of 574 TeV (92.0 µJ) per nucleus. The
term hadron refers to particles composed of quarks.
Country: Switzerland
Year of
completion: 2008
Cost: $6 Billion
8. ITER –
An Experimental Fusion Reactor (Cost: $6.5 Billion)
The International Thermonuclear
Experimental Reactor (ITER) is an international tokamak (magnetic confinement
fusion) research/engineering project that could help to make the transition
from today’s studies of plasmaphysics to future
electricity-producing fusion power plants. It builds on research done with
devices such as DIII-D,EAST, ADITYA, KSTAR, TFTR, ASDEX
Upgrade, Joint European Torus, JT-60, Tore Supra and T-15.
Country: China,
European Union, India,
Japan, Russia, South
Korea, United
States
Year of
completion: 2016 (expected)
Cost: $6.5 Billion
7. Olkiluoto
Nuclear Power Plant(Cost: $7.2 Billion)
The Olkiluoto
Nuclear Power Plant is on Olkiluoto
Island, which is on the shore of
the Gulf of Bothnia in the municipality
of Eurajoki in western Finland. It is
one of Finland’s
two nuclear power plants, the other being the two-unit VVER Loviisa Nuclear
Power Plant. The Olkiluoto plant
consists of two BWRs with 860 MWe each. These were supplied
by ASEA-Atom, now a part of ABB Group. The plant is operated
by Teollisuuden Voima, a subsidiary of Pohjolan Voima. Unit three,
the first EPR (European Pressurized water Reactor) is under construction, but
various problems with workmanship and supervision have created costly delays,
and been the subject of an inquiry by the Finnish nuclear regulator STUK. A
license for a fourth reactor to be built at the site was granted by the
Finnish parliament in July 2010.
Country: Finland
Year of
completion : 2012
(expected)
Cost: $7.2 Billion
6. Alaska
Pipeline (Cost: $8 Billion)
The Trans-Alaska
Pipeline System (TAPS), includes the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, 11 pump stations,
several hundred miles of feeder pipelines, and the Valdez Marine Terminal. It
is commonly called the Alaska Pipeline, Trans-Alaska Pipeline, Alyeska Pipeline, or simply as the Pipeline as referred to in Alaska,
but those terms technically apply only to the 800.302 miles (1,287.961 km)
of the pipleline with the diameter of 48 inches (122 cm) that conveys
oil from Prudhoe Bay, to Valdez, Alaska. The crude oil pipeline
is privately owned by the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company. The pipeline was
built between 1974 and 1977 after the 1973 oil crisis caused a sharp rise
in oil prices in the United
States. This rise made exploration of
the Prudhoe Bay oil field economically
feasible. Environmental, legal, and political debates followed the discovery of
oil at Prudhoe Bay in 1968, and the pipeline
was built only after the oil crisis provoked the passage of legislation
designed to remove legal challenges to the project.
Country :United State
Year of
completion : 1977
Cost: $8 Billion
5. CVN-78 Class
Aircraft Carrier (Cost: $8.1 Billion)
The CVN-78-class
aircraft carriers (or Ford-class) are a planned class of supercarriers
for the United States Navy, intended to replace the
current Nimitz-class carriers. The new vessels will use a hull design very
similar to the Nimitz carriers, but many aspects of the design will be different, implementing new technologies developed since the initial
design of the previous class (such as the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System),
as well as other design features intended to improve efficiency and running
costs, including a reduced crew requirement. The first hull of the line
will be named Gerald R. Ford, and will have the hull number CVN-78.
Country : United States
Year of
completion : 2015
(expected)
Cost: $8.1 Billion
4. James Bay Project ( Cost: 13.8 billion)
The James
Bay Project refers to the construction by state-owned utility
Hydro-Québec of a series of hydroelectric power stations on the La
Grande River in northwestern Quebec, Canada, and the diversion of
neighbouring rivers into the La Grande watershed. It is located
between James Bay to the west and Labrador to the east and its waters
flow from the Laurentian Plateau of the Canadian
Shield. The project covers an area the size of the state of New York and is one of
the largest hydroelectric systems in the world. The project cost an upwards of
US$13 billion to build and has an installed generating capacity of 16,000
megawatts, three times more than all of the power stations at Niagara Falls, eight times the power of Hoover Dam,
and over twice the power of all eight reactors units at the Bruce
Nuclear Generating Station, the largest in North America.
If fully expanded to include all of the original planned dams, as well as the
additional “James Bay II” projects, the system would generate a total of 27,000
MW, making it the largest hydroelectric system in the world.
Country : Canada
Year of
completion : 1972
Cost: 13.8 billion
3. Three Gorges
Dam(Cost: $25 Billion)
The Three
Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric dam that spans the Yangtze River by the
town of Sandouping, located in the Yiling
District of Yichang, in Hubei province, China. It is
the world’s largest electricity-generating plant of any kind. The dam body was
completed in 2006. Except for a ship lift, the originally planned components of
the project were completed on October 30, 2008 when the 26th generator in
the shore plant began commercial operation. Each generator has a capacity of
700 MW. Six additional generators in the underground power plant were
expected to become fully operational in 2011.
Country : China
Year of
completion : 2011
(expected)
Cost: $25 Billion
2. Itaipu
Dam (Cost: $27 Billion)
The Itaipu Dam
is a hydroelectric dam on the Paraná River located on the border between Brazil and Paraguay. The name “Itaipu” was
taken from an isle that existed near the construction site. In the Guarani
language, Itaipu means “the sound of a stone”. The American composer Philip
Glass has also written a symphonic cantata named Itaipu, in honour of the
structure. The dam is the
largest operating hydroelectric facility in terms of annual generating
capacity, generating 94.7 TWh in 2008 and 91.6 TWh in 2009, compared to the
annual generating capacity of the Three Gorges Dam which was 80.8 TWh in 2008
and 79.4 TWh in 2009. It is a binational undertaking run by Brazil and Paraguay
at the Paraná River on the border section between the two countries, 15 km
(9.3 mi) north of the Friendship
Bridge. The project
ranges from Foz do Iguaçu, in Brazil,
and Ciudad del Este in Paraguay,
in the south to Guaíra and Salto del Guaíra in the north. The installed
generation capacity of the plant is 14 GW, with 20 generating units providing
700 MW each with a hydraulic design head of 118 m. In 2008 the plant generated
a record 94.68 billion kWh, supplying 90% of the energy consumed by Paraguay and 19% of that consumed by Brazil.
Country : Brazil,
Paraguay
Year of
completion : 1984
Cost: $27 Billion
1. International
Space Station(Cost: $157 Billion)
The International
Space Station (ISS) is an internationally developed research facility that was assembled in low Earth orbit. On-orbit construction of the station began
in 1998 and was scheduled for completion by late 2011. The station is originally expected
to remain in operation until 2015 but is now likely to be extended till 2020. With a greater
mass than that of any previous space station, the ISS can be seen from
Earth with the naked eye, and is by far the largest artificial satellite that
has ever orbited Earth. The ISS serves as a research laboratory that has a
microgravity environment in which crews conduct experiments in biology,
chemistry, human biology, physics, astronomy and meteorology. The station has a
unique environment for the testing of the spacecraft systems that will be
required for missions to the Moon and Mars.The ISS is operated by Expedition
crews, with the station programme maintaining an uninterrupted human presence
in space since the launch of Expedition 1 on 31 October 2000.
Country : Canada,
European Space Agency, Japan, Russia,
United States
Year of
completion : 2011
(expected)
Cost: $157 Billion
Source : http://www.gizmocrazed.com
No comments:
Post a Comment